Cell Signaling

Front

What is cell signaling?

Back

Cell signaling is the process by which cells communicate with each other to coordinate their activities, often involving the release of signaling molecules that bind to receptors on target cells.

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A ligand is a signaling molecule that binds to a specific receptor on a target cell, initiating a cellular response.

Front

What is the role of receptors in cell signaling?

Back

Receptors are proteins located on the surface or inside of cells that bind to ligands, triggering a response within the cell.

Front

What is transduction in cell signaling?

Back

Transduction is the process by which a signal is converted into a functional response within the cell, often involving a series of biochemical reactions.

Front

What is the difference between autocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Autocrine signaling involves a cell responding to signals it produces itself, while paracrine signaling involves signals that affect nearby cells.

Front

What is endocrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream, allowing them to affect distant target cells.

Front

What is a second messenger?

Back

A second messenger is a molecule that relays signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, amplifying the signal.

Front

What is cAMP and its role in cell signaling?

Back

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger that is produced from ATP and plays a crucial role in transmitting signals from receptors to target proteins.

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A phosphorylation cascade is a series of chemical reactions during cell signaling where one enzyme activates another by adding a phosphate group, amplifying the signal.

Front

What happens when a ligand binds to its receptor?

Back

When a ligand binds to its receptor, it causes a conformational change in the receptor, initiating a series of intracellular events that lead to a cellular response.