Semester Exam 1 Review

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What does the codon UGA signify in protein synthesis?

Back

UGA is a stop codon that signals the termination of polypeptide synthesis.

Front

What is transcription in the context of genetics?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

Which two systems interact to influence the severity of infections like Toxoplasmosis?

Back

The immune and endocrine systems interact to influence the severity of infections.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand for ATGGCGACT?

Back

The complementary DNA strand is TACCGCTGA.

Front

How do you translate mRNA into an amino acid sequence?

Back

Use a codon chart to match each codon in the mRNA sequence to its corresponding amino acid.

Front

What is the role of the immune system in fighting infections?

Back

The immune system protects the body against pathogens by identifying and destroying them.

Front

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Back

The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones, which are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of an mRNA strand?

Back

The 5' end is the starting point for translation, while the 3' end is where the poly-A tail is added, stabilizing the mRNA.

Front

What is a polypeptide?

Back

A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.