AP Biology: Unit 1-2 Review

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy (ATP).

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

Define diffusion.

Back

Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Front

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and support while maintaining homeostasis.

Front

What is hydrolysis?

Back

Hydrolysis is a chemical process that involves the breaking of a bond in a polymer by the addition of water.

Front

What is dehydration synthesis?

Back

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the formation of a bond by removing water, typically used to form polymers.

Front

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

Back

A selectively permeable membrane allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Front

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Back

Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Front

What is the significance of concentration gradients in cellular transport?

Back

Concentration gradients drive the movement of substances across membranes, with molecules moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration in passive transport.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that uses transport proteins to help move molecules across the cell membrane.