Pro vs. Eu, Cell Cycle, & DNA Flashcard

Front

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Front

What is transcription in the context of gene expression?

Back

Transcription is the process where double-stranded DNA unwinds and is used to synthesize mRNA.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand to a given DNA sequence?

Back

The complementary DNA strand is formed by pairing adenine (A) with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) with guanine (G).

Front

What is the purpose of translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process of converting the genetic code in mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein.

Front

What determines the genetic information in a DNA molecule?

Back

The genetic information in a DNA molecule is determined by the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases.

Front

What are the nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Back

The nitrogen bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in the cell?

Back

mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle is the series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide, including interphase and mitotic phase.

Front

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes.