Biology Semester 1 Final Review

Front

What gas does the process of photosynthesis release into the atmosphere?

Back

Oxygen is released during photosynthesis as a byproduct when plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.

Front

What type of macromolecule is a lipid?

Back

Lipids are a type of macromolecule that includes fats, oils, and waxes, characterized by their hydrophobic nature and role in energy storage and cell membrane structure.

Front

Which organelle is responsible for sorting, modifying, and packaging molecules in the cell?

Back

The Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus) is the organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Back

Carbohydrates typically follow the pattern of 1 carbon: 2 hydrogens: 1 oxygen (C:H:O = 1:2:1).

Front

What is activation energy?

Back

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

Front

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and are more complex.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.