9 Weeks Exam Study Guide Part 1

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the process by which cells move substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input, usually in the form of ATP.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is a hypertonic solution?

Back

A hypertonic solution is one that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to lose water and shrink.

Front

What is a hypotonic solution?

Back

A hypotonic solution is one that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to gain water and swell.

Front

What is an isotonic solution?

Back

An isotonic solution has an equal concentration of solutes compared to another solution, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

Front

What role do kidneys play in the body?

Back

The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

Front

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Back

Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their gradient.

Front

What is the significance of ATP in active transport?

Back

ATP provides the energy necessary for active transport processes, allowing cells to move substances against their concentration gradients.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that uses protein channels to help move substances across the cell membrane without energy input.

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.