Biology II mid-term practice

Front

What is equilibrium in the context of cell membranes?

Back

Equilibrium is the state when molecules are spread evenly across the cell membrane, resulting in no net movement of molecules in one direction.

Front

Which structure in a cell is responsible for controlling its activities?

Back

The nucleus is the structure that controls the activities of the cell, including gene expression and cell division.

Front

What is the function of a carrier protein in active transport?

Back

A carrier protein moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration, often against the concentration gradient, using energy.

Front

What does a heterozygous genotype mean?

Back

A heterozygous genotype consists of two different alleles for a particular gene, such as Tt.

Front

What phase of meiosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Back

Metaphase I is the phase where homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

Front

Define active transport in biological systems.

Back

Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Front

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

Back

The plasma membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Front

Explain the difference between diffusion and osmosis.

Back

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Front

What is the significance of the mitochondria in a cell?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, representing the alleles inherited from the parents.