DNA and RNA Vocabulary

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Anticodon

Back

A 3 nucleotide sequence on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to a corresponding codon on mRNA.

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Bacteriophage

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A virus that infects bacteria cells.

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Base pairing rules

Back

Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine (A=T, C=G).

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Central Dogma

Back

Genetic information flows in one direction: DNA, to RNA, to Protein.

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Codon

Back

A 3 nucleotide sequence on mRNA or DNA which together form a genetic code.

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DNA Polymerase

Back

An enzyme that adds complementary DNA nucleotides to a strand of DNA during replication.

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Double helix

Back

Physical structure of DNA that has two parallel strands intertwined around a common axis.

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Exon

Back

A sequence of DNA or RNA that DOES code for a protein.

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Frameshift mutation

Back

A genetic mutation that occurs due to an insertion or deletion of genetic information which causes the reading frame to change.

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Intron

Back

A sequence of DNA or RNA that DOES NOT code for a protein.