Biology Semester 1 Review

Front

What are carbohydrates and how do they compare to lipids in terms of metabolism?

Back

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are more easily metabolized than lipids, but lipids provide more energy on a gram-for-gram basis.

Front

What is mitosis and what are its phases?

Back

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. The phases of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Front

What distinguishes one nucleotide from another in DNA?

Back

The nitrogenous base distinguishes one nucleotide from another. There are four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What happens during Prophase of mitosis?

Back

During Prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus begins to form.

Front

What happens during Metaphase of mitosis?

Back

During Metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

Front

What happens during Anaphase of mitosis?

Back

During Anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell as the spindle fibers shorten.

Front

What happens during Telophase of mitosis?

Back

During Telophase, the chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to de-condense.

Front

What is the genotype of a homozygous organism?

Back

A homozygous organism has two identical alleles for a particular trait, such as BB for black fur.

Front

What is the genotype of a heterozygous organism?

Back

A heterozygous organism has two different alleles for a particular trait, such as Bb for black fur.

Front

What is the principle of dominance in genetics?

Back

The principle of dominance states that in a heterozygous genotype, the dominant allele will mask the effect of the recessive allele.