AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 1.5: Structure & Function of Macromol

Front

What is the 3' end of a DNA strand?

Back

The 3' end of a DNA strand has a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to the third carbon of the sugar molecule.

Front

What is the 5' end of a DNA strand?

Back

The 5' end of a DNA strand has a phosphate group attached to the fifth carbon of the sugar molecule.

Front

What type of bond connects nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds connect nitrogenous bases in DNA, allowing for base pairing.

Front

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Back

The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Front

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Back

The secondary structure of a protein refers to the local folding of the polypeptide chain into alpha helices and beta sheets, stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Front

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Back

The tertiary structure of a protein is the overall three-dimensional shape formed by the interactions of R groups (side chains) of amino acids.

Front

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Back

The quaternary structure of a protein is the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains into a single functional unit.

Front

What is the role of R groups in protein structure?

Back

R groups (side chains) determine the properties and interactions of amino acids, influencing the protein's structure and function.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).