Mendelian Genetics

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What is Mendelian Genetics?

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Mendelian Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited through generations, based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses (e.g., AA, Aa, aa).

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.

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What are dominant alleles?

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Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype when at least one copy is present in the genotype.

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What are recessive alleles?

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Recessive alleles are only expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present in the genotype.

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What does homozygous mean?

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Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).

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What does heterozygous mean?

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Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

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What is the law of segregation?

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The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

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What is the law of independent assortment?

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The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.