Physics pre-christmas Flashcard

Front

Who was James Prescott Joule and during which time period did he live?

Back

James Prescott Joule was a physicist known for his work in thermodynamics and the first law of thermodynamics. He lived during the 1800's.

Front

What is the formula for calculating work done when a force is applied?

Back

Work (W) is calculated using the formula W = F × d × cos(θ), where F is the force applied, d is the distance moved, and θ is the angle between the force and the direction of motion.

Front

If a 2.0 N force is applied to move a crate 4 m at a constant speed, how much work is done?

Back

The work done is 4 J, calculated as W = F × d = 2.0 N × 4 m.

Front

What is gravitational potential energy and how is it calculated?

Back

Gravitational potential energy (PE) is the energy an object possesses due to its height above the ground. It is calculated using the formula PE = m × g × h, where m is mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.

Front

Calculate the gravitational potential energy of a 10 kg object raised to a height of 5 meters. (Use g = 9.8 m/s²)

Back

The gravitational potential energy is 490 J, calculated as PE = 10 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 5 m.

Front

What is the speed of an object sliding down a frictionless incline from a height of 10 meters?

Back

The speed at the bottom of the incline is 19.8 m/s, calculated using energy conservation principles.

Front

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

Back

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Front

Define kinetic energy and provide its formula.

Back

Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy of an object due to its motion. It is calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 m v², where m is mass and v is velocity.

Front

What is the relationship between mass and gravitational potential energy?

Back

Gravitational potential energy is directly proportional to mass; as mass increases, gravitational potential energy increases if height remains constant.

Front

Explain the concept of work-energy principle.

Back

The work-energy principle states that the work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.