1.1.d. Paleolithic Societies and Human Evolution

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What does the term 'Paleolithic' mean?

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It means 'Old Stone [Age]' and refers to a time in human history when foraging, hunting, and fishing were the primary means of obtaining food.

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What were the primary means of obtaining food in Paleolithic societies?

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Foraging, hunting, and fishing.

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How did early humans adapt to their environments before agriculture?

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They developed tools and methods to manipulate natural ecosystems for food.

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What is sociocultural evolution?

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It refers to the ways in which early human societies created culture.

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What evidence suggests that Neanderthals had a belief in something beyond death?

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A burial site in Shanidar Cave showed that a Neanderthal's family covered his body with flowers.

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How did the size of human communities change over time?

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As the human population expanded, the density of human groups increased, leading to both conflict and cooperation.

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What was the estimated size of Paleolithic bands of people?

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Paleolithic bands were likely around twenty-five members each.

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What was the division of labor in Paleolithic societies?

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Labor was often divided along gender lines, with women gathering and men hunting.

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Why is it important to study modern hunter-gatherer societies?

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They provide insights into the behaviors and lifestyles of ancient hunter-gatherers.

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What role did cultural creativity play in human evolution?

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Cultural creativity allowed humans to cope with the demands of nature and develop complex societies.