Unit 9 AP CHemistry Flashcard Review

Front

What is the equation for the relationship between Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and equilibrium constant (K)?

Back

ΔG = -RT ln K

Front

Which substance has the smallest standard molar entropy (S°)?

Back

NaCl

Front

What are the signs of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS when a liquid is mixed with a solid, a gas is released, and the temperature increases?

Back

ΔG: +, ΔH: -, ΔS: +

Front

Which process has the highest entropy change?

Back

Solid to gas

Front

Calculate the free energy change (ΔG) for the reaction: ½ A2 + 2 B2 + C → CAB4 with ΔH = -104 kJ and ΔS = -60.8 J/K at 30 °C.

Back

ΔG = -85.6 kJ, spontaneous

Front

What does a negative ΔG indicate about a reaction?

Back

The reaction is spontaneous.

Front

What is the significance of the standard molar entropy (S°) in thermodynamics?

Back

It measures the degree of disorder or randomness in a system.

Front

How does temperature affect the spontaneity of a reaction?

Back

Increasing temperature can make a reaction spontaneous if ΔS is positive.

Front

What is the relationship between enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) in determining spontaneity?

Back

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS; spontaneity depends on the signs and magnitudes of ΔH and ΔS.

Front

What is the definition of enthalpy of formation?

Back

The heat change that results when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.