SOR Levels Language

Front

Phonology: sound system; awareness of speech sounds

Back

Examples of difficulty include mispronunciation of sounds and words, poor memory for names, and inability to blend or segment sounds in spoken words.

Front

Orthography: spelling system; knowledge of letters

Back

Examples of difficulty include remembering letters in irregularly spelled words and using unreasonable letters and sequences when writing.

Front

Morphology: system of units of meaning in words

Back

Examples of difficulty include leaving off word endings, lack of knowledge of prefix or suffix meaning, and mixing up prefixes and suffixes.

Front

Semantics: knowledge of word meanings and relationships

Back

Examples of difficulty include limited spoken vocabulary, not knowing alternate meanings for common words, and difficulty with synonyms, antonyms, and analogies.

Front

Syntax: system of rules of grammar; awareness of permissible word order in sentences

Back

Examples of difficulty include using wrong verb forms or pronouns, speaking in short or incomplete sentences, and poor sentence structure when writing.

Front

Discourse: ability to combine sentences to communicate ideas

Back

Examples of difficulty include identifying main ideas/details in text, disorganized retelling ability, and problems with listening comprehension during read-alouds.

Front

Pragmatics: social rules about language use

Back

Examples of difficulty include making demands instead of requests, difficulty taking turns in conversation, and lack of awareness of appropriate voice volume or physical boundaries.

Front

Importance of language components

Back

Language components address seven oral and written English language systems essential for developing literacy skills.

Front

Role of phonology in reading

Back

Phonology involves the sound system and awareness of speech sounds, crucial for reading development.

Front

Challenges in orthography

Back

Orthography challenges include difficulty with irregular spelling and unreasonable letter sequences.