AP Bio - DNA & Replication Intro

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Front

Who is known for using X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of DNA?

Back

Rosalind Franklin is known for her work with X-ray crystallography, which helped reveal the double helix structure of DNA.

Front

Which enzyme is NOT involved in DNA replication?

Back

RNA Polymerase is not involved in DNA replication; it is used in transcription.

Front

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds and separates the two strands of DNA, creating a replication fork.

Front

What is the leading strand in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork.

Front

What are Okazaki fragments?

Back

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the function of DNA ligase?

Back

DNA ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together, sealing the gaps in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Front

What is the significance of Chargaff's rules?

Back

Chargaff's rules state that in DNA, the amount of adenine equals thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals guanine, which supports the base pairing mechanism.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and is double-stranded, while RNA contains ribose sugar and is usually single-stranded.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.