Quick 10Q: Cell Communication

Front

What is the main difference between steroid hormones and protein hormones?

Back

Steroid hormones are hydrophobic while protein hormones are hydrophilic.

Front

What are the steps in a signal transduction pathway?

Back

Reception -> Transduction -> Response.

Front

How does paracrine signaling differ from hormone signaling?

Back

Hormone signaling involves the bloodstream and is long-distance, while paracrine signaling involves extracellular fluid and is short-distance.

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A series of events where protein kinases add phosphates to relay molecules, causing changes in shape to activate them.

Front

What is a potential response of a cell to a signal?

Back

A transcription factor can be activated.

Front

Define signal transduction.

Back

The process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

Front

What role do receptors play in cell communication?

Back

Receptors bind to signaling molecules and initiate a response within the cell.

Front

What is the function of protein kinases in cell signaling?

Back

Protein kinases add phosphate groups to proteins, altering their activity and function.

Front

What is the significance of conformational change in receptors?

Back

Conformational change in receptors activates them, allowing them to transmit signals inside the cell.

Front

What is the difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream, while paracrine signaling involves local signaling between nearby cells.