AP Bio Unit 6 Previous Knowledge

Front

Which RNA carries the message?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is the RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?

Back

Codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

How many amino acids are coded for by the sequence of nucleotides: ATG GGA ACT CCA?

Back

4 amino acids are coded by the sequence ATG (Methionine), GGA (Glycine), ACT (Threonine), CCA (Proline).

Front

How does RNA differ from DNA?

Back

RNA contains uracil instead of thymine and has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose.

Front

The bond that joins amino acids are called:

Back

Peptide Bonds are the chemical bonds that link amino acids together in a protein.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the function of rRNA?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by facilitating the binding of tRNA to mRNA.

Front

Define transcription in the context of protein synthesis.

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA and the amino acids brought by tRNA.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.