4.1 and 5.1 Scientific Investigation

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What is an inference?

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An inference is a conclusion or educated guess based on observations and prior knowledge. For example, saying 'It is winter, so I will probably need a jacket today' is an inference.

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What is the independent variable in an experiment?

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The independent variable is the factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment. In the hypothesis 'If I spend more time studying, then my grades in science will improve,' the independent variable is 'Time spent studying'.

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What are quantitative observations?

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Quantitative observations are measurements made using instruments such as rulers, balances, and thermometers. They involve numbers and quantities.

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What does it mean to keep a variable constant in an experiment?

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Keeping a variable constant means that it does not change during the experiment. For example, in a baseball throwing experiment, the 'Throwing spot' should be kept constant.

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What are controlled variables in an experiment?

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Controlled variables are the factors that are kept the same throughout an experiment to ensure that the results are valid. For example, in a plant growth experiment, the type of plant, flower pot, soil, and amount of sunlight should be kept constant.

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What is a hypothesis?

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A hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment. It often follows the format 'If [I do this], then [this will happen].'.

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What is a scientific investigation?

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A scientific investigation is a systematic process of exploring and answering questions about the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations?

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Qualitative observations describe characteristics or qualities (e.g., color, texture), while quantitative observations involve measurements and numbers (e.g., height, weight).

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What is a variable in an experiment?

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A variable is any factor that can change in an experiment. Variables can be independent, dependent, or controlled.

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What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

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The dependent variable is the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is affected by changes in the independent variable.