M + M LC1 Review

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What is an index fossil?

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An index fossil is a fossil that is used to define and identify a particular time period in the geological time scale. It is typically widespread, abundant, and existed for a relatively short duration.

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What does the law of superposition state?

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The law of superposition states that in undisturbed horizontal sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest layers are at the top.

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What type of rock is most commonly associated with fossils?

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Fossils are most commonly found in sedimentary rock.

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What is sedimentary rock?

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Sedimentary rock is a type of rock that is formed by the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles, often containing fossils.

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What is an intrusion in geology?

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An intrusion is a body of igneous rock that forms when magma pushes into existing rock layers and solidifies. Intrusions are always younger than the rock layers they cut through.

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What is the difference between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks?

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Igneous rocks form from cooled magma or lava, sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure.

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What is the significance of the Grand Canyon in geology?

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The Grand Canyon provides a visible record of geological history, showcasing various rock layers and fossils that help scientists understand Earth's past.

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What is a fault in geological terms?

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A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, which can cause earthquakes and displacement of rock layers.

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How do fossils form?

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Fossils form when organisms are buried by sediment, which protects them from decay and allows minerals to replace organic material over time.

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What is the role of sedimentary layers in studying Earth's history?

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Sedimentary layers provide a chronological record of Earth's history, including changes in climate, environment, and the evolution of life.