Genetics and Mutations

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide pairs are added into a DNA sequence.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide pairs are removed from a DNA sequence.

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What is a point substitution mutation?

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A point substitution mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

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What is a nonsense mutation?

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A nonsense mutation is a type of point mutation that creates a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated protein.

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What is transformation in genetics?

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Transformation is the process by which an organism takes up foreign DNA from its environment, resulting in a change in its characteristics.

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What is the S strain in genetics?

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The S strain refers to a virulent strain of bacteria that can cause disease, such as the strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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What is the R strain in genetics?

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The R strain refers to a non-virulent strain of bacteria that does not cause disease.

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What is inversion in genetics?

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Inversion is a type of chromosomal mutation where a segment of DNA is reversed end to end.

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What is a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.