Geology Basics

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geology

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the study of the Earth including the rocks, structures and processes

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fossil

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the geologically altered remains of an once-living organism and/or its behavior

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fossil record

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a collection of fossils that document the history of life on Earth

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relative dating

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determining the age of something (rocks) based on their relationship to surrounding rocks

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Law of Superposition

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a principle in geology used to determine the relative ages of rocks (older rock layers are at the bottom and the younger ones at the top)

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Igneous rock

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rock formed from magma (volcano lava) solidifies

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sedimentary rock

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rock formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms.