Heredity Unit Review Flashcard

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What is an allele?

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An allele is a variant form of a gene that can produce different traits. For example, the gene for flower color in pea plants can have a purple allele or a white allele.

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What does homozygous mean?

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Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene, such as AA or aa.

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What does heterozygous mean?

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Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene, such as Aa.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses, such as AA, Aa, or aa.

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.

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What is a chromosomal mutation?

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A chromosomal mutation is a change in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can lead to genetic disorders or variations.

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What is deletion in chromosomal mutations?

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Deletion is a type of chromosomal mutation where a segment of the chromosome is lost, potentially leading to loss of genetic information.

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What is duplication in chromosomal mutations?

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Duplication is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of the chromosome is copied, resulting in extra genetic material.

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What is inversion in chromosomal mutations?

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Inversion is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of the chromosome is reversed end to end, which can disrupt gene function.

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What is translocation in chromosomal mutations?

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Translocation is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome, potentially leading to genetic disorders.