Using the "Castaneda Test," the U.S. district court determined that a Denver school had failed to adequately implement a plan for language minority students.

1983 - Keyes v School District #1

Needs that a bilingual program must meet for an ELL.

1. Affective: Helps with confidence, self-assurance, culture, and background. 2. Linguistic: Instruction in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Spanish and English. 3. Cognitive: Instruction in math, reading, science, language arts.

Bilingual programs vary across countries; some support them, others do not.

Bilingual programs in Australia

L2 immersion programs are available in some Southeast Asian countries.

Bilingual programs in Southeast Asia (Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines)

Dual or Triple language programs teach grammar, history, and literature in L1, but math and science in English or French.

Bilingual programs in the Middle East (Iran, Israel, Iraq, Lebanon, Qatar, Jordan)

In the European Union, instruction is given in L1, then two more languages are added.

Bilingual programs in the European Union (Germany, Portugal, Poland, Croatia, Czech Republic)

Bilingual education is often for "ethnic minorities" to help preserve native languages.

Bilingual programs in South America (Argentina, Colombia, Brazil)

This model serves LEP students in both English and Spanish and transfers the student to English-only instruction. Provides instruction in literacy and academic content areas through the medium of Spanish, along with instruction in English oral and academic language development. Students cannot exit earlier than grade 1.

Transitional Bilingual/Early Exit

This model serves LEP students in both English and Spanish and transfers the student to English-only instruction. Students remain in the late exit transitional bilingual program for 6 to 7 years. Cognitively challenging academic work in Spanish accelerates academic growth.

Transitional Bilingual/Late Exit

This model is a biliteracy program integrating students proficient in English and students identified as LEP. Instruction is given in both native English speakers and native speakers of another language in a setting where language learning and content instruction are integrated. Serves both ELLs and English native speakers. Academic subjects are taught to all students using both English and the other language. LEP student remains in program for 6-7 years.

Dual Language Immersion/Two-Way

This model is a biliteracy program model that gives instruction in both English and Spanish and transfers students to English-Only instruction. Only serves LEP students. Language learning is integrated with content instruction. Academic subjects are taught to all students through both English and L1. Students remain in program for 6-7 years.

Dual Language Immersion/One-Way

A term used to describe the level of formality or informality in language.

Bilingual Education Milestones Flashcards

Student preview

100 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

English immersion primary method with few remedial services

Back

1920 - Sink or Swim

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

First successful two-way bilingual program

Back

1963 - Dade County Refugee Program

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Outlawed discrimination on race, color of any federal program

Back

1964 - Civil Rights Act: Title VI

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Policy to help economically disadvantaged students with bilingual education

Back

1968 - Bilingual Education Act Title VII

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

State's first bilingual education bill acknowledging English as the primary language

Back

1969 - HB 103

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Bilingual education program requirement for districts with 20 or more LEP students

Back

1973 - SB121

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

"No Child Left Behind" act for improving education of ELLs

Back

2001 - NCLB

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