AP Cell Communication

Front

What is cell signaling?

Back

Cell signaling is the process by which cells communicate with each other to coordinate their activities, often involving signaling molecules and receptors.

Front

What is the difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves hormones released into the bloodstream affecting distant cells, while paracrine signaling involves signals affecting nearby cells.

Front

What role do protein kinases play in cell signaling?

Back

Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific proteins, activating or deactivating them, which is crucial in signaling pathways.

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A phosphorylation cascade is a series of events where one protein kinase activates another, leading to a rapid amplification of the signal within the cell.

Front

What is the function of receptors in cell signaling?

Back

Receptors are proteins on the cell surface or inside the cell that bind to signaling molecules, initiating a cellular response.

Front

What does it mean when a cell has a specific response to a signal?

Back

It means that different cells can respond differently to the same signaling molecule based on their specific receptors and intracellular pathways.

Front

What is autocrine signaling?

Back

Autocrine signaling is when a cell releases a signaling molecule that binds to its own receptors, affecting its own activity.

Front

What is the significance of signal amplification in cell signaling?

Back

Signal amplification allows a small number of signaling molecules to produce a large response, enhancing the efficiency of cellular communication.

Front

What is the role of G-proteins in cell signaling?

Back

G-proteins act as molecular switches that transmit signals from activated receptors to target proteins inside the cell.

Front

What is the difference between cAMP and protein kinases?

Back

cAMP is a secondary messenger that relays signals inside the cell, while protein kinases are enzymes that modify other proteins by adding phosphate groups.