Electrostatics

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neutron

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A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, it has no electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton.

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proton

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A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, it has a positive electric charge.

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electron

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A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

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electric charge

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A physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative.

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electric force

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The attractive or repulsive interaction between any two charged objects.

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static electricity

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A stationary electric charge, typically produced by friction, that causes sparks or crackling or the attraction of dust or hair.

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Coulomb's Law

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A law stating that the electrostatic force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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Universal Gravitation Law

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Newton's law stating that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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conduction

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The process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.

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friction

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The resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another, often resulting in the generation of heat or static electricity.