Genetics and Reproduction

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Trait

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A specific characteristic of an organism, such as eye color, height, or leaf shape in plants. Traits are often inherited from parents.

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Heredity

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The process of passing genetic traits from parents to their offspring. It explains why children often resemble their parents.

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

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The molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms. It is like a blueprint that determines an organism’s traits and functions.

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Gene

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A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein. Genes determine traits, such as hair color or blood type.

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Nucleus

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The control center of a cell. It contains DNA and is responsible for regulating the activities of the cell, including growth and reproduction.

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Chromosome

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Thread-like structures located in the nucleus of cells. They are made up of DNA and protein and carry genetic information.

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Variations

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Differences between individuals of the same species. These differences can be in physical traits, behavior, or genetic makeup. Variations help species adapt to changing environments.

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Selective Breeding

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The process of choosing specific plants or animals to reproduce based on desired traits. For example, farmers may breed cows that produce more milk.

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Fertilization

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The process in which a sperm cell and an egg cell combine to form a zygote. This is the first step in the development of a new organism.

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Mitosis

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A type of cell division where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It is essential for growth, repair, and replacing old cells.