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Branching

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A programming control structure where the code selects one or more alternative paths depending on the evaluation of a boolean expression.

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Functions

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A subroutine that can be called to perform a task or calculation and always return a value. Functions can be called in an expression, or be assigned to a variable.

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Global Variables

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A variable declared in the main program which exists outside any of the subroutines, but can be used anywhere in the program.

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Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

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A software package that allows a user to develop and implement code more easily, with features for editing, debugging, version control, testing, and compilation.

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Iterations

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A programming control structure where a set of statements is repeated either a fixed number of times or until a condition is met.

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Local Variables

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A variable declared within a subroutine of a program, which only exists and can be used within that subroutine.

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Modularity

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The technique of breaking down a complex problem into simpler, self-contained components called modules, where each module is an implementation of a specific subtask required to solve a problem.

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Object Oriented Programming

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A programming paradigm where the system is viewed as a set of objects, each with their own data (attributes) and procedures (methods), that can interact with each other. All processing is done by objects.

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Parameter passing by reference

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Passing the address or pointer of the required value into a procedure.

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Parameter passing by value

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Creating a temporary local copy of the actual value of a variable and passing it into the procedure.