7th Grade Asia Jan 20-Jan 31

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Isolationism

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A national policy of avoiding involvement in foreign affairs or alliances.

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Archipelago

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A group or chain of islands clustered together in a body of water.

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Bureaucracy

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A system of government in which decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives.

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Urbanization

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The process by which rural areas develop into cities as populations grow and economies shift toward industrial and service activities.

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Civil Service Exams

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Standardized tests used to select government officials based on merit rather than family or wealth, notably in imperial China.

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Confucianism

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A philosophy and ethical system founded by Confucius that emphasizes morality, social harmony, and respect for hierarchy and family.

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Buddhism

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A religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) that teaches the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to overcome suffering and achieve enlightenment.

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Shintoism

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The indigenous religion of Japan, focusing on kami (spirits) associated with natural phenomena, ancestors, and sacred places.