Atomic Structure & Periodicity (Periodic Trends)

Front

What are valence electrons?

Back

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in forming bonds with other atoms.

Front

How many valence electrons does oxygen have?

Back

Oxygen has 6 valence electrons.

Front

What is the atomic number of an element?

Back

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.

Front

Which element is classified as a metal and is liquid at room temperature?

Back

Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.

Front

Why does atomic radius increase from right to left across a period?

Back

Atomic radius increases from right to left because there are fewer protons in the nucleus, resulting in less attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons.

Front

What is the periodic table?

Back

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number, which shows periodic trends in properties.

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons when it is part of a compound.

Front

How does electronegativity change across a period?

Back

Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Front

How does ionization energy change down a group?

Back

Ionization energy decreases down a group because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and experience more shielding.