AP Bio - ATP and Enzymes Flashcard

Front

What is ATP?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells. It consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

Front

What is ADP?

Back

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) is a molecule that is formed when ATP loses one phosphate group, releasing energy for cellular processes.

Front

What does the 'TP' in ATP stand for?

Back

The 'TP' in ATP stands for 'tri' (3) phosphates, indicating that ATP has three phosphate groups.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is a substrate in the context of enzyme activity?

Back

A substrate is the reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts. It binds to the enzyme's active site.

Front

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Back

The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs.

Front

How can ADP be compared to a battery?

Back

ADP can be compared to a battery in need of recharging because it has less energy than ATP and can be converted back to ATP by adding a phosphate group.

Front

What are the products of ATP hydrolysis?

Back

The products of ATP hydrolysis are ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), along with the release of energy.

Front

What is the significance of the phosphate groups in ATP?

Back

The phosphate groups in ATP store potential energy, and their bonds can be broken to release energy for cellular work.

Front

What is the difference between ATP and ADP?

Back

ATP has three phosphate groups, while ADP has two. ATP is the energy currency of the cell, while ADP is a lower-energy form.