Gravitation Concepts

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Universal Gravitation

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The property of matter by which every object with mass attracts every other object with mass in the universe with a force directly proportional to the mass of the objects and inversely proportional to the distance between them.

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Gravitational Force (Fg)

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One of the four fundamental forces of nature; it explains the attraction between objects with mass and is directly proportional to the mass of each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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Inverse Square Law

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States that the incremental changes in the strength of a physical phenomenon are inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of the phenomenon.

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Gravitational Field (g)

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An inherent property of any object with mass; gEarth = 9.8 m/s², regardless of the object’s mass.

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Universal Gravitational Constant (G)

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A proportionality constant relating the mass of two objects, the distance separating the two objects, and the magnitude of the attractive gravitational force between the two objects; G = 6.674 × 10^-11 N·m²/kg².

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Satellite

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Any object, such as a planet, moon, or artificial satellite, in orbit around a celestial body.