Solar Activity and Its Effects

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Solar Cycle

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An approximately 11-year cycle of changes in the Sun's activity, including variations in sunspot numbers and solar flares.

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Magnetic Field

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The field around the Sun created by the movement of charged particles, crucial for sunspot formation and solar activity.

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Dynamo Effect

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The process by which the Sun's magnetic field is generated, driven by the movement of conductive plasma in the convective zone.

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Prominences

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Large, loop-like structures of plasma held above the Sun's surface by magnetic fields, often associated with sunspots.

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Solar Flares

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Intense bursts of energy and radiation from the Sun's surface caused by magnetic reconnection, emitting energy across the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Space Weather

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Variations in the space environment caused by solar activity that can affect Earth and technological systems.

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Geomagnetic Storms

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Disturbances in Earth's magnetosphere caused by interactions with solar wind and CMEs, leading to phenomena like auroras.

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Photon

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A particle of light or electromagnetic radiation emitted during energy transfer processes in the Sun.

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Convection

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The process of heat transfer in fluids where hot material rises and cooler material sinks, creating circular motions within the Sun.

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Differential Rotation

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The phenomenon where the Sun rotates faster at its equator than at its poles, affecting its magnetic field.