2025 S3/S4 CCKS Nutri in Humans Pt 2 Hormones

Front

Define a hormone.

Back

A chemical substance, produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs.

Front

What are the two hormones that regulate blood glucose concentration?

Back

Insulin and glucagon.

Front

What is type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Back

A condition characterized by persistently higher than normal blood glucose concentration due to the body's resistance to insulin or insufficient production of insulin.

Front

What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Back

Unhealthy diet of high levels saturated fat and cholesterol; and sedentary lifestyle with little to no exercise.

Front

How can type 2 diabetes mellitus be managed?

Back

Through lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise.

Front

Describe the effects of insulin?

Back

Insulin helps to convert excess glucose into glycogen in the muscle and liver cells.

Insulin increases the permeability of cells to glucose.

Insulin increases the metabolism of glucose in mitochondria.

Front

Describe the action of glucagon

Back

Glucagon causes the liver and muscle cells to convert glycogen back to glucose.