Front

What is thermal energy?

Back

Thermal energy (heat) is the energy transferred due to temperature differences.

Front

How does heat flow?

Back

Heat flows from regions of higher temperature to regions of lower temperature.

Front

What are conductors?

Back

A substance that allows the thermal energy to pass through { due to delocalized electrons in the valence shell }

eg: metals

Front

What are good and poor conductors of heat?

Back

Metals are good conductors; non-metals and gases are poor conductors (insulators).

Front

What is conduction?

Back

Conduction occurs in solids, primarily metals, due to free electron movement. Thermal energy is transferred via particle collisions and free electrons.

Front

What is convection?

Back

Convection occurs in fluids (liquids and gases). Heated fluid expands, becomes less dense, and rises, while cooler fluid sinks, creating convection currents.

Front

Where is convection commonly found?

Back

Convection is common in natural phenomena like sea breezes and heating systems.

Front

What is radiation in terms of heat transfer?

Back

Radiation is the transfer of heat energy via electromagnetic waves (infrared radiation) and does not require a medium.

Front

What surfaces are good absorbers and emitters of radiation?

Back

Black and matt surfaces are good absorbers and emitters of radiation.

Front

What surfaces are poor absorbers and emitters of radiation?

Back

Shiny and white surfaces are poor absorbers and emitters of radiation.