Nutrients and Energy Flow

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Nutrient Pollution

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A process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water, causing excessive growth of algae.

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Eutrophication

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Excess nutrients entering water, which can cause algae growth, blocked sunlight, plant death, low oxygen levels, and animal death; can result in "Dead Zones"

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Nitrogen Cycle

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The series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are converted in the environment and in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition.

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Nitrates

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Molecule composed of nitrogen, often found in fertilizers and can contribute to nutrient pollution.

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Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

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Microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen (inorganic compounds usable by plants).

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Carbon Cycle

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The series of processes by which carbon compounds are converted in the environment, involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and burning of fossil fuels.

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Cellular Respiration

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The process by which cells break down glucose and other molecules to release energy in the form of ATP; releases CO₂ into the atmosphere

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Photosynthesis

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The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods; takes in CO₂ and produces O₂

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Combustion

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A process in which a substance reacts gives off heat (burning), often produces CO₂

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Decomposition

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The process by which dead plants and animals are broken down