Internet and Networking Concepts

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Uniform Resource Locator

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A reference or address used to access resources on the internet, commonly known as a web address.

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Internet Registry

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An organization responsible for managing the allocation of IP addresses and domain names on the internet.

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Domain Name

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A human-readable address used to identify a website or service on the internet (e.g., www.example.com - where "example.com" is the domain name)

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Domain Name System (DNS)

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A hierarchical system for allocating domain names. The top level is split either by country (e.g. ".uk", ".us" etc). or by generic categories (e.g. ".com", ".org").

2nd Level can be used to further group domains (e.g. ".co", ".gov", ".sch")

Lowest level is the base domain. So, for "ebay.co.uk", 3d level domain is ebay, 2nd level is .co, top level is .uk

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IP Address

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A unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network, used to identify and locate the device.

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Fully Qualified Domain Name

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The complete domain name for a specific computer or host, including both the hostname and domain name (e.g., www.example.com). Note- this DOES NOT include the protocol. e.g. https://

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Router

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A device that forwards data packets between computer networks, directing them to their destinations.

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Gateway

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A network node that connects two different networks, typically with different communication protocols.

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Firewall

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A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. These rules typically relate to specific ports, for example blocking traffic through those ports

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Symmetric Encryption

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An encryption method where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption of data.