Topic 2.1 Vocabulary Peception

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Top-Down Processing

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An approach to perception that is guided by higher-level knowledge, experience, expectations, and motivations; involves the use of contextual information in pattern recognition.

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Schema

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A cognitive framework or mental structure that organizes and interprets information about the world, guiding perception, memory, and problem-solving.

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Perception

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The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

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Bottom-Up Processing

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An approach to perception that starts with incoming stimuli and builds up to a final perception; involves analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.

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Inattentional Blindness

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The failure to notice unexpected objects or events when attention is focused elsewhere.

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Gestalt

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A German word meaning 'form' or 'pattern,' referring to the perceptual tendency to organize sensory information into meaningful wholes.

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Binocular Cue

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Depth cues that rely on information from both eyes to perceive depth and distance, such as retinal disparity and convergence.

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Attention

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The cognitive process of selectively focusing on a specific aspect of information while ignoring other perceivable information.

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Cocktail Party Effect

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The phenomenon of being able to focus one's auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, like hearing your name in a noisy room.

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Change Blindness

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A phenomenon in visual perception where changes in a visual stimulus are not noticed by the observer.