Front

What is a monarch and a monarchy?

Back

A monarch is a King or Queen, and a monarchy is a country ruled by a King or Queen. Monarchs faced pressures such as rival nobles, economic problems, and the power of the church.

Front

What was the Renaissance?

Back

The Renaissance was a period of rebirth in learning, focusing on education, science, and culture. James IV supported it to make Scotland more educated and stronger.

Front

What did James IV do to make Scotland a better place?

Back

He improved education, built new schools and universities, developed roads and a navy, experimented with science, encouraged the use of money, and improved law and order.

Front

Describe Flodden and explain why it was a disaster for Scotland.

Back

The Battle of Flodden happened after James IV joined France against England. Due to bad weather, Scottish pikemen lost their position, allowing the English to break their lines and fight in close combat. James IV and 20,000 Scots were killed, leading to famine and unrest in Scotland.

Front

What was Henry VIII’s Great Matter? How did he resolve it?

Back

Henry VIII’s ‘Great Matter’ was his desire to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn. He resolved it by breaking from the Catholic Church and establishing the Church of England.

Front

Why did many people dislike the Catholic Church?

Back

Many disliked the Catholic Church due to its wealth, corruption, and influence over monarchs. Henry VIII used this sentiment to justify breaking from Rome.

Front

What was the Reformation?

Back

The Reformation was the movement that led to the creation of Protestant churches, breaking away from the authority of the Pope and the Catholic Church.

Front

Why did the American colonies want to break away from Britain?

Back

The American colonies resented paying taxes without having representation in the British government, leading to rebellion and eventually war.

Front

Why did the Americans win the War of Independence?

Back

The Americans won due to support from France and Spain, their use of guerrilla tactics, and poor leadership within British forces. At Yorktown, the French navy blocked the port while Washington’s army surrounded the British, forcing their surrender.

Front

Who was the most successful king out of James IV, Henry VIII, and George III? Explain your answer.

Back

This depends on what you think is most important. James IV improved Scotland in terms of education and culture but died at Flodden, leading to disaster. Henry VIII gained power through the Reformation but had a messy personal life. George III attempted reforms but lost the American colonies. Success depends on whether military strength, reform, or stability is considered most important.