Greco-Persian Wars and Ancient Greece

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Empire

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A group of countries or regions controlled by one ruler or government.

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Persia

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An ancient empire located in modern-day Iran, ruled by kings like Darius and Xerxes during the Greco-Persian Wars.

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Greek City-States

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Independent, self-governing cities in ancient Greece, such as Athens and Sparta.

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Alliance

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A formal agreement between two or more countries or groups to work together for a common purpose.

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Tactics

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The strategies and actions used during a battle or war to achieve victory.

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Invasion

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An act of entering a country or region by force, usually with the aim of conquering it.

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Battle of Marathon

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A key battle in 490 BCE where the Athenians defeated the Persians, marking a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars.

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Phalanx

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A military formation used by ancient Greek soldiers, where they stood close together in rows, shields overlapping, and spears pointed forward.

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Xerxes

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The Persian king who led the second invasion of Greece in 480 BCE during the Greco-Persian Wars.

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Darius

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The Persian king who started the Greco-Persian Wars, launching the first invasion of Greece in 490 BCE.