Unit 5 Review: DNA, Protein Synthesis, & Mutations

Front

What are the components of DNA?

Back

DNA is composed of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Front

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA serves as a messenger that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation causes a loss or deletion of a part of the DNA sequence.

Front

What is the purpose of protein synthesis?

Back

The purpose of protein synthesis is to make proteins that are essential for the structure and function of cells.

Front

What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Back

The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA?

Back

Uracil is the nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not in DNA.

Front

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.