Protestant whose views and opinions differed from those of the Church of England.

Government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers.

Constitutional Government

Government whose power is defined and limited by law.

Parliamentary advisors to the king who originally met in a small room, or cabinet.

Limited government based on the separation of powers and a system of checks and balances.

Government in which power is divided between the national, or federal, government and the states.

System in which each branch of a government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two.

Old order system of government in pre-revolutionary France.

Situation in which the government spends more money than it takes in.

Members of the working class who made the French Revolution more radical; called such because men wore long trousers instead of the fancy knee breeches that the upper class wore.

Device used during the Reign of Terror to execute thousands by beheading.

(1500–1558) was the Holy Roman emperor during the time of Martin Luther's reformation efforts. His immense empire included large areas of Europe. A staunch Catholic, he rejected Luther's doctrines. The Protestant upheaval, along with political pressures, led Charles to voluntarily give up his throne. He divided the empire between his son and his brother. Charles entered a Catholic monastery where he remained until his death.

Law issued by French king Henry IV in 1598 giving more religious freedom to French Protestants.

Cardinal Richelieu (1585–1642) considered one of the greatest politicians in history, he played an important role in France's history while serving as chief minister to Louis XIII.

(1638–1715) served as king of France (1643–1715) and is considered the symbol of absolute monarchy.

(1050–1106) was a German king who became Holy Roman Emperor in 1084. His efforts to increase the power of the monarchy led him into conflict with Pope Gregory VIII over lay investiture. Gregory excommunicated Henry but later reinstated him in the church after Henry did penance.

French Protestants of the 1500s and 1600s.

Royal French residence and seat of government established by King Louis XIV.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–1683) served under King Louis XIV of France as controller general of finance (from 1665) and secretary of state for the navy (from 1668). He carried out economic programs that helped make France the strongest power in Europe.

(1547–1616), a Spanish novelist, playwright, and poet, was the most important figure in Spanish literature. His novel Don Quixote is his most well-known work.

Central European empire that lasted from the 1400s to the 1900s and at its height included the lands of the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands.

James I (1566–1625) was a king of Scotland who also became king of England and Ireland. He deeply believed in the divine right of kings to rule over all their subjects without interference from anyone. His views were in sharp contrast to Parliament, leading to constant conflict. He was also the author of the King James version of the Bible.

Member of an English Protestant group who wanted to “purify” the Church of England by making it more simple and more morally strict.

English Bill of Rights

Series of acts passed in 1689 by the English Parliament that limited the rights of the monarchy and ensured the superiority of Parliament.

Law passed in 1765 by the British Parliament that imposed taxes on items such as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies; repealed in 1766.

Treaty of 1763 that ended the Seven Years’ War and resulted in British dominance of the Americas.

(1738–1820) was the longest reigning monarch in British history, ruling at a time when Britain and France struggled to dominate Europe; he shared the blame for the loss of Britain's American colonies.

Famous oath made by on a tennis court by the Third Estate in pre-revolutionary France.

(1757–1834), a French noble, fought alongside the Americans in the Revolutionary War. Upon his return to France, Lafayette led the call for reform and in 1789 presented a draft of the Declaration of the Rights of Man to the National Assembly. He was hated by some for his moderate stance, and fled to Austria, but later returned.

Legislative body made up of the representatives of the three estates in pre-revolutionary France.

(1732–1799) was a wealthy Virginia planter before becoming the commander of American forces during the Revolutionary War and first president of the United States. He owned a vast estate named Mount Vernon. Using his skill as a politician, negotiator, and general, he was able to keep the American cause of liberty alive during and after the revolution.

(1706–1790) was a man of many talents. Born in 1706, Franklin was an author, inventor, and a statesman who helped persuade France to enter the Revolutionary War on the side of the Americans. He was actively involved in framing the Declaration of Independence.

(1743–1826) is known mainly as the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. He also served as minister to France and later as the third president of the United States.

(1751–1836) was a renowned U.S. statesman and fourth president of the United States. He is often called the "father of the Constitution" for the major role he played at the Constitutional Convention of 1789, which framed the federal Constitution.

Historical Terms and Figures Flashcards

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44 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Absolute Monarch

Back

A form of government in which a ruler has complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Divine Right

Back

Idea that a ruler’s authority came directly from God.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Armada

Back

Fleet of ships.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Intendent

Back

An administrative official (such as a governor) especially under the French, Spanish, or Portuguese monarchies.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Balance of Power

Back

Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Mercenary

Back

Soldier serving in a foreign country for pay.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Depopulation

Back

Reduction in the number of people in an area.

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