Rock Formation Vocabulary Flashcard

Front

What is the process called when layers of sediment are pressed together, reducing the space between grains and squeezing out water?

Back

Compaction

Answer explanation

The process of compaction occurs when layers of sediment are pressed together, reducing the space between grains and squeezing out water. This is distinct from cementation, crystallization, and erosion.

Front

What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by natural forces like wind and rain?

Back

Weathering

Answer explanation

Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by natural forces like wind and rain. Erosion, on the other hand, involves the movement of these particles after they have been weathered.

Front

Which process involves the movement of weathered rock and soil from one place to another?

Back

Erosion

Answer explanation

Erosion is the process that involves the movement of weathered rock and soil from one location to another, often caused by wind, water, or ice. This distinguishes it from compaction, crystallization, and cementation, which do not involve movement.

Front

What type of rock is formed as a result of the cementation of layers of sediments?

Back

Sedimentary

Answer explanation

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the cementation of layers of sediments over time. This process involves the compaction and binding of particles, distinguishing them from igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Front

Which process is crucial in the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks through the formation of crystals?

Back

Crystallization

Answer explanation

Crystallization is the key process in forming igneous and metamorphic rocks, as it involves the cooling and solidification of molten material, leading to the growth of crystals. This distinguishes it from erosion, compaction, and weathering.

Front

What is the term for rocks that are formed when existing rocks are transformed by heat or pressure?

Back

Metamorphic

Answer explanation

Rocks formed by the transformation of existing rocks through heat or pressure are called metamorphic rocks. This distinguishes them from sedimentary rocks, which form from sediment, and igneous rocks, which form from molten material.