Social-Cognitive and Trait Theories of Personality

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Social-Cognitive Theory

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Theories that emphasize the influence of a person’s cognitions—thoughts, feelings, expectations, and values—as well as observation of others’ behavior, in determining personality.

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Reciprocal Determinism

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A concept proposed by Albert Bandura suggesting that a person's behavior, environment, and personal factors (like thoughts and emotions) influence each other bidirectionally.

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Self-Concept

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How one views themselves and in relation to others.

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Self-Efficacy

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The belief that we can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.

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Self-Esteem

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The component of personality that encompasses our positive and negative self-evaluations.

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Trait Theories

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Personality involves a set of enduring characteristics that lead to typical responses to stimuli.

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The Big Five Theory of Personality

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Five factors that underlie personality: extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

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Factor Analysis

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Statistical method of identifying patterns among a large number of variables and combining them into more fundamental groupings.