History Study Guide

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Franks

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In 480 conquered Gauls

Franks practiced Christianity

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Charlemagne

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led the Franks in building a large empire

conquer all of Europe

was the leader during the 800s in Europe

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Franks and Saxons

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Had conflicts over religious differences

Attempts at converting others

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Franks and Vikings

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battled for superiority over art and cultural exchanges

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Invaders in Europe Muslims, Vikings, and Magyars:

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played a significant role in Europe by leading several invasions

Vikings invaded the largest area because their ships could travel on the coast and go inland up rivers.

Magyar invaded the smallest area.

Muslims invaded the largest southern regions from Europe such as Africa and Italy.

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Middle Ages:

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Christians and Muslims fought in several wars called the Crusades.

The area where Jesus had lived, preached, and died was called the Holy Land in Palestine by Europeans.

Muslims ruled Palestine for several years and during this time they didn't interfere with Christians that visited the area.

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The Crusades:

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was motivated by the defense of Christian territories in the Holy Land

they were wars between European Christians and Middle Eastern Muslims

they had a varied range of outcomes

they reflected Christian Europe's desire to control the Holy Land

began attacking and raiding the Byzantine empire

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Crusades Failed:

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the long distances just to reach the war and many died along the way

being unprepared to fight in a desert climate

poor planning, fighting among themselves, and being outnumbered by the Muslims

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After the Crusades:

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Europe and Asia expanded their trade with each other

thoughts from Muslim thinkers made their way to Europe

knowledge of religion and culture were learned by Muslims and Christians

Jews felt persecuted and fearful.

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European's Path to New Regions Enhanced Innovations & Change:

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allowing for new trading and travel to be available

allowed regions to push each other in terms of trade

bridge regions in trade and knowledge