Database Concepts Flashcards

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Relational Database

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A type of database that stores and organizes data in tables (relations) with rows and columns, and establishes relationships between tables.

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Table

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A collection of related data organized in rows (records) and columns (fields). Each table represents an entity, such as Customers or Orders.

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Primary Key

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A unique identifier for each record in a table. It ensures no two rows have the same value for the primary key column(s). Example: CustomerID in a Customers table.

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Foreign Key

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A column or set of columns in a table that refers to the primary key of another table. It establishes a relationship between two tables. Example: CustomerID in an Orders table.

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SQL (Structured Query Language)

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A standard language used to communicate with and manipulate relational databases. It includes commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.

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Index

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A database object that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a table. It works like an index in a book, allowing faster lookup of rows.

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Normalization

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The process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. It involves dividing tables and defining relationships between them.

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Join

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An SQL operation used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. Common types include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, and RIGHT JOIN.

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Transaction

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A sequence of database operations performed as a single logical unit. It ensures data integrity by following the ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).

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ACID Properties

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A set of properties that guarantee reliable processing of database transactions: Atomicity: All operations in a transaction succeed or fail as a whole. Consistency: The database remains in a valid state before and after the transaction. Isolation: Transactions are executed independently of one another. Durability: Once a transaction is committed, it remains permanent.