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What is the difference between Data and Information?

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Data is raw, unprocessed facts; Information is processed data that has meaning.

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What is a Database?

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A structured collection of data (end-user data and metadata).

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What is a DBMS?

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Database Management System: Software that manages the database, ensuring data is organized, secure, and accessible.

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What are the types of Databases?

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Single-user, multi-user, centralized, distributed, transactional, data warehouse.

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What are the advantages of using a DBMS?

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Reduces data redundancy and inconsistency, improves data accessibility and sharing, supports ad hoc queries and decision-making.

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What are the problems associated with File Systems?

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Data Redundancy, Update Anomaly, Insertion Anomaly, Deletion Anomaly.

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What is Normalization?

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Process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and anomalies.

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What are the three normal forms (NF) in Normalization?

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1NF: Eliminate repeating groups, ensure atomic values; 2NF: Remove partial dependencies; 3NF: Remove transitive dependencies.

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What is an Entity-Relationship Model (ER Model)?

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A graphical representation of data structures (entities, attributes, relationships).

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What is a Primary Key (PK)?

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Uniquely identifies a row in a table.