An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

A small membrane-bound sac that transports and stores substances within a cell.

The powerhouse of the cell, producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Tissue that facilitates movement; includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities; includes squamous, cuboidal, and columnar types.

Tissue that supports, binds, and protects other tissues; includes bone, cartilage, adipose, and blood.

Tissue that transmits electrical impulses; composed of neurons and glial cells.

Hair-like projections on cell surfaces that move fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface.

Long, whip-like structures that enable cell movement.

Structures composed of different types of tissues working together to perform specific functions.

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

The basic structural and functional units of life.

A model describing the structure of cell membranes, where the membrane is a fluid combination of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.

The movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

The passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Facilitated Transport

The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

Proteins that are permanently attached to the cell membrane and play various roles.

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the cell membrane.

Gated Channel Protein

A type of protein in the cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a specific stimulus.

A type of membrane protein that uses energy to move molecules or ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient.

The movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, using energy.

The movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, without the use of energy.

A process by which cells expel materials in vesicles.

A process by which cells take in materials by engulfing them in a vesicle.

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, based on limited evidence, that can be tested through experimentation.

The variable that is deliberately changed or manipulated in an experiment.

The variable that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.

Variables that are kept constant to ensure that the effect of the independent variable can be accurately measured.

The consistency of a measure; the ability to obtain the same results under the same conditions.

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

The degree to which the result of a measurement conforms to the correct value or a standard.

The difference between the measured value and the true value.

A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or cells, often to destroy them.

A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.

Semi-Permeable Membrane

A membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion."

Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as a major energy source for the body.

Large molecules composed of amino acids, essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs.

Organic compounds, including fats, oils, and waxes, that are insoluble in water and serve as energy storage and structural components of cell membranes.

The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms, including anabolism and catabolism.

The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.

The process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Compounds containing carbon that are typically found in living organisms.

Compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, typically found in non-living matter.

The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose.

Biology and Chemistry Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

65 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Nucleus

Back

The control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA).

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Nucleolus

Back

A structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomes.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Back

A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis; rough ER has ribosomes, smooth ER does not.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Ribosome

Back

A molecular machine that synthesizes proteins.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Lysosome

Back

An organelle containing digestive enzymes to break down waste.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Cytoskeleton

Back

A network of protein filaments that maintain cell shape and aid in movement.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Cell Membrane

Back

A phospholipid bilayer that regulates what enters and exits the cell.

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