Week 25 Vocabulary Flashcards

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Cell Wall

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A rigid layer that is found outside the cell membrane and provides structural support and protection to the cell. It is commonly found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae.

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Vacuole

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A membrane-bound organelle found in cells, which is involved in storage, waste disposal, protection, and growth. In plant cells, vacuoles are large and central, while in animal cells, they are smaller.

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Cell Membrane

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A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment. It is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.

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Nucleus

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A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material (DNA). It is the control center of the cell, responsible for regulating gene expression and cell division.

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Mitochondria

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Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell. They generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

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Cytoplasm

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The jelly-like substance within the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus, that contains organelles and is the site of most cellular activities.

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Chloroplast

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An organelle found in plant cells and some algae that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

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Abiotic

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Non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems, such as sunlight, temperature, and water.

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Biotic

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Living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, that affect and interact with each other and their environment.

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Transpiration

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The process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released into the atmosphere. It is a part of the water cycle.