Statistics: Population and Sample Concepts

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Population

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the entire group of objects being studied or it could be considered a collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest.

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Parameter

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A measure or count of the entire population.

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Sample

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A subset or small group of the population.

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Statistic

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A measure or count of a sample.

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Reasons to Use a Sample Study

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1. Using a sample is quicker. 2. Using a sample is more cost-effective. 3. Sometimes it can be more accurate.

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Example of a Sample Statistic

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A recent survey of 8,500 of the university's 250,000 graduates indicated an average salary of $123,000.

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Simple Random Sample

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A sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. A sampling frame is used, and numbers are randomly generated to select the sample.

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Stratified Sample

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A population is divided into at least two groups, and some members are randomly selected from each group.

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Cluster Sample

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A population is divided into groups, and all members in one or more groups are selected.

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Systematic Sample

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The population is ordered, and every nth member is chosen.